I have long been fascinated by the fact that young women today [most of them] have no idea how lucky they are to live in America in the 21st century. They don't understand how much the world has changed for women just in the last 50 years.
Let's say right now you are a young woman in 1972, instead of 2022. What is life like for you in 1972?
In 1972 most women would never dream of wearing pants to work or to church. Now, as far back as the 1930's women could wear pants in public, but it was risky. Actress Katharine Hepburn got in trouble in Claridge's hotel in London for wearing trousers. As this article in Vanity Fair notes, "Even in 1951, when Claridge’s Hotel in London informed Hepburn that women were not permitted to wear slacks in the lobby, she elected to use the staff entrance instead."
Women could actually be arrested in many places for "masquerading as a man." When I was a kid I never saw my mother wear pants anywhere except around the house until about 1971, and then my grandmother was horrified.
As late as the mid 1980's when I was looking for my first professional, career-type job, I was told by the paralegal school to never wear pants to a job interview, always a suit with a skirt.
In 1972 you are expected to get married and "settle down" and only work if there is no other choice. There are plenty of women who work because they want to work, and want their own careers, but they are the exception, not the rule. Most girls take Home Economics in high school because they are expected to get married and "keep house ' -- and in that traditional scenario the wife does all the cooking and cleaning and stays home with the children.
A few years back I wrote a tongue-in-cheek articles called Pure Candy Never Hurt Anyone, featuring excerpts from some "ladies books" from the 1920's that belonged to my grandmother. One such book notes that if a woman keeps her house clean she won’t ever get divorced, saying “…when the bride has begun to look upon her household as a fascinating hobby with endless possibilities she has mastered the first big secret; she is ready to try out the recipes for happiness which follow.” No specific recipes for “Happiness” are included.
After my father died in 1996 I opened the door to the food pantry in my parents' house and found my mother's little basket containing a lipstick, compact and comb, so that as soon as she heard Dad's car in the driveway she could comb her hair and fix her makeup so when he walked in she would look presentable and have his drink waiting and his dinner cooking. It's the way she was trained [in 1957] to keep a husband happy.
It's sort of amazing she wanted to keep Dad. When my mother started teaching in 1957 after she married, my father went to her school and said from there on out he would collect all her paychecks because she didn't have enough sense to handle money wisely -- and the school allowed it! When my father died in 1996 Mom had to leave the JCPenneys credit card in his name because the store wouldn't let her change the card to her own name.
In 1972 if you want credit, you better have a man. If you applied for a credit card and you were married, most companies required you to get your husband to co-sign and often the card will have to be in his name. Many banks would deny a single woman a bank credit card, automatically, if she didn't have a husband or father to co-sign for her. (Of course, laws varied from state to state.) It wasn't until the Equal Credit Opportunity Act was passed in 1974 that that changed. According to the US Department of Justice website:
The Equal Credit Opportunity Act [ECOA], 15 U.S.C. 1691 et seq. prohibits creditors from discriminating against credit applicants on the basis of race, color, religion, national origin, sex, marital status, age, because an applicant receives income from a public assistance program, or because an applicant has in good faith exercised any right under the Consumer Credit Protection Act.
Many banks wouldn't open an account for a woman. If you applied to open a bank account in 1972, chances are good you would need a man to help you get the account open. My father opened my first account in 1979.
You risked getting fired from your job if you got pregnant, even in 1972. A lot of businesses would fire a pregnant woman. In 1959, my mother was fired from her teaching job in the middle of the year because she was visibly pregnant. The Pregnancy Discrimination Act of 1978 said a woman couldn't be fired for being pregnant, but she could still be fired for other reasons. Even if you kept your job, there was no paid maternity leave by law. It was up to the employer whether a woman got ANY leave after having a baby. Usually it wasn't paid leave, either, unless a woman had saved vacation time.
Your husband had the right to demand sex from you anytime. There was no such thing as marital rape. Once you got married, you had to be ready to hop into bed anytime. Horrifyingly, there are still states [source] where a husband can get away with marital rape.
If you were unmarried and had a child, your child would often be called a "bastard" and there was a lot of shame around that. Now it's common for children to be born to unmarried parents but that wasn't always the case. I never knew any child whose parents weren't married when I was growing up in the 1960's and 70's.
Forget about being a lawyer. In 1972 most law schools wouldn't admit females, and even if a woman did graduate from law school and pass the bar, many law firms wouldn't hire a female lawyer. I started my paralegal career in 1985 and there were no female lawyers at my firm, and few practicing in Knoxville. Finally, my firm hired a female lawyer but she had to work in the office and was never to be seen in court arguing a case. In my next job there were no female attorneys. I had been a paralegal for 8 years before going to work at a law firm where there were female partners. During my years at that firm in the early 90's I heard an older lawyer who was interviewing a female lawyer tell her "If we hire you, we expect you to put this job first, and to work as many hours as we need you to." Work/life balance be damned. Most of the female lawyers at the firm worked 10-14 hour days.
You wouldn't be allowed to sit on a jury. Most states didn't allow women on juries in 1972. There were exceptions. It wasn't until 1973, however, that all fifty states said women could serve.
You might be arrested for living with your boyfriend. Many states had laws in 1972 banning couple from living together before marriage. In 2013 a law was passed making it legal for unmarried couples to live together in every state.
If you were gay, you could be jailed for being gay. Before the 1970's it was common for gay bars to be raided and everyone hauled off to jail and charged with being "disorderly." The brilliant mathematician Alan Turing was convicted of gay activity and chemically castrated, and he killed himself [source]. In 1952, [source] "the American Psychiatric Association listed homosexuality as a form of mental disorder."
You couldn't consider just any career in 1972. Many industries wouldn't hire a woman. The acceptable jobs for women were teacher, nurse, librarian and secretary. You would probably not find a job as an architect or a welder.
You couldn't be a mom unless you were married. Single women were not allowed to adopt in 1972, only married couples. / Even in 2003 when I was doing my daughter's adoption, there were several "christian" agencies who wouldn't work with me because they thought only couples should be allowed to adopt.
I am very glad to see the progress that has been made, just in my lifetime, for women in the United States, but there are still many places in the world where women are mutilated, not allowed to hold jobs or drive, and/or are forced to cover themselves in public. Middle Eastern countries have particularly onerous laws restricting women's lives. We still have far to go.
left, me in the early 1970's
Recent Comments